The National Center for PTSD estimates that 28 percent of people who have witnessed a mass shooting develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and about a third develop acute stress disorder.
Research also suggests that mass shooting survivors may be at greater risk for mental health difficulties compared with people who experience other types of trauma, such as natural disasters.
The American Psychological Association summarized data and suggested treatment approaches last year here. The focus is not just on disorders following trauma. Psychologists are also eager to study other questions about survivor well-being, including how such experiences—particularly at a young age—shape one’s sense of safety and self-efficacy. We have, in other words, no clue yet about the long-term effects of massacres in our schools, churches, synagogues, night clubs, shopping malls and Garlic Festivals. And we have not even begun to look at the long term consequences for those who are not immediate, but related victims, the families, the clergy, the teachers and friends of those killed or maimed.
I found the poem below just as striking, if not more so, than reading the statistics and all they imply.
Ceremonias De La Superviviencia
at the movies my eye on the Exit sign
on the aisles the doorways the space
between the seat in front of me and my legs
how far could I crawl
before I die?
wednesday after it happened
I went to a work event at a gay bar I stood
near the exit when I could when I couldn’t
I stood near a window I made sure I could
open and fit through made sure I could
jump out and land on the roof
of the building next door
just in case
after the event
my coworker was leaving
thought about hugging him but I don’t
I waived asked myself
is this the last time I’m going to see him?
two weeks after the massacre
my partner is getting ready to attend Pride
I am staying home
I watch him pick out his outfit I sit
quietly on the couch when he is dressed
he holds me I hold him a little longer
ask myself
is this the last time I’m going to see him?
he leaves I feel as if I should go with him
just in case
has I love you always meant
I would die holding you
for people like us?
has I love you
always tasted like two boys
scared to form the word amor
with their lips terrified to say things
like belleza te quiero
libertad
would you die
holding me?
when it happens if it happens
do we run towards the fucker together?
do we die in each other’s arms?
I will be your shield
will you be mine?
I’ve never used my body as a shield
is this what true love is? is this what queer love is?
if our genes our DNA
truly hold onto memory
then we remember our ancestor’s gay love
remember our ancestor’s queer communion
the ceremony of maricones before us
their trauma their struggle
and if that is in us then so is their survival!
to all the fuckers out there ready to shoot us down
we will survive you we have survived fires
we have survived camps
we have survived plagues and
we will survive you
I’m sitting at work everyone
has moved on to the next tragedy
Nice Quetta Baghdad Istanbul
my eyes focus on the exit sign
then the door the front lobby
then back to the exit sign
the door
the space between my cubicle
and the door
the exit sign
the door.
Or this short clip on Grieving in a fishbowl.
*
Hope comes from the strength demonstrated by individual survivors: just look at how the young people of the Parkland murders are present in public debate and refuse to be cowed in face of personal attacks and the relentless re-triggering of the trauma with each new attack. Then there are the parents of Joaquin Oliver, one of the Parkland victims, being in El Paso to unveil a memorial at the day of the terrorist act. Manuel Oliver has worked on almost 20 public murals – walls of demand – since the shooting, trying to raise consciousness. I stand in awe.
Photographs today are from Texas, during a road trip 6 years ago.
Music today is a clip of Yo Yo Ma playing Bach at a TexMex Bordercrossing and then, to soothe our heavy souls, the entire six suites.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nu9MDqGhIak
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Lee Musgrave
Very engaging topic and lots of good info (and music).
Bob Hicks
Thanks for this, Friderike. I’ve been seeing dismissive phrases like “statistically insignificant” in reference to the number of lives lost in the recent shootings, and Neil DeGrasse Tyson’s tone-deaf reminder that great numbers of people die in other ways, too. It seems an attempt to normalize and diminish reaction to the random white terrorism that is plaguing our world. The truth is, there ARE degrees of trauma, and the survivors of these vile acts are victims, too, in the same way that so many American survivors of the travesty of our war against Vietnam remain haunted to one degree or another. Natural and accidental trauma is one thing. Unnatural and purposeful trauma is something else again.